Cicuta maculata

Cicuta maculata is toxic to cats, dogs and horses. The reported severity is critical. Also known as Water Hemlock, Common Water-Hemlock and Victorin's Water-Hemlock.

dogs cats horses

Mild Moderate Severe Critical

This plant is known to be potentially deadly!

  • If you're comfortable with the risk, ensure this plant is out of reach of your animal.
  • If you suspect your animal has ingested portions of this plant, immediately consult your veterinarian.
  • If your animal is experiencing any of the associated symptoms, immediately contact your veterinarian's emergency number for further instructions.

If your animal ate this plant, call your veterinarian, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control on (888) 426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline on (855) 764-7661. Fees may apply.

Symptoms to watch for

Diarrhea Seizures Tremors Abdominal Pain Dilated Pupils Fever Bloat Respiratory Depression Death

The color of each symptom follows the severity scale above.

About

Cicuta maculata is a highly poisonous species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by several common names, including spotted water hemlock, spotted parsley, and spotted cowbane. It is native to nearly all of North America, from northern Canada to southern Mexico.

How this plant poisons

The confusion with parsnips can be fatal as C. maculata is extremely poisonous. It is considered to be North America's most toxic native plant. Cicuta is fatal when swallowed, causing violent and painful convulsions. Though a number of people have died from water hemlock poisoning over the centuries, livestock have long been the worst affected (hence the name "cowbane"), with ingestion of the plant causing death in as little as 15 minutes. The chief poison is cicutoxin, an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol that is most concentrated in the roots. Upon human consumption, nausea, vomiting, and tremors occur within 30–60 minutes, followed by severe cramps, projectile vomiting, and convulsions. Occasional long-term effects include retrograde amnesia. Ingestion of water hemlock in any quantity can result in death or permanent damage to the central nervous system.

Common Names

  • Water Hemlock
  • Common Water-Hemlock
  • Victorin's Water-Hemlock
  • Spotted Water-Hemlock
  • Bolander's Water-Hemlock

Also recorded as Common Water Hemlock, Musquashroot, Poison Parsnip, Spotted Cowbane, Spotted Parsley and Spotted Water Hemlock.

Facts

Family
Apiaceae
Duration
Biennial, Perennial
Growth habit
Forb/herb
In the wild
US, CA, MX, BR, DE, CO + more
Source
Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0
Elsewhere

Countries with the most wild observations, from GBIF data.